Loneliness has become the focus of a wealth of research in recent years. Psychol.]. No one wants to be lonely, but when someone is, they can become desperate for any sort of human contact. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Lewin S, Booth A, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas H, Rashidian A, Wainwright M, et al. BMC Med Res Methodol. The current systematic review will instead take a bottom-up approach which focuses on non-clinical populations of all ages to synthesise findings on participants experiences of loneliness, rather than the conceptualisations that might be imposed by study authors. Rokach A. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Article Front Psychiatry. Overcoming - fear, weakness, vice. Being alone despite Being Surrounded. 2002;34(3):2139. Many characters in this story suffer from being alienated from the community: Now, lets analyze a couple of quotes from Of Mice and Men to see how the author approached the theme of loneliness. In the land of migrant workers, who usually travel around alone, George and Lennie are the exception. Those who dont fit in that established order and feel their individuality are erased from society. When eligibility is unclear from the title, abstracts and full-texts will be checked until eligibility or ineligibility can be ascertained. The proposed systematic review will be reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement [22]. Google Scholar. Qual Health Res. The last book is about a father who lost his son and wishes to make an honorable funeral as the last thing he could give him. The epic poem ends in a nostalgic and mournful way. A recent systematic review report [18] has explored the conceptualisations of loneliness employed in qualitative research, finding that loneliness tended to be defined as social, emotional, or existential types. The search strategy for our primary database (MEDLINE) was developed in collaboration with an information specialist. Harmonising this research by looking closely at how people describe their experiences of loneliness and working from the bottom-up to create a fine-grained view of what makes up these experiences will provide a more holistic understanding of loneliness and how it might best be defined and ameliorated. Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x. He knows that being different will inevitably affect his life and his relationships with his family. Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein is among the earliest depictions of loneliness in modern literature. At the title and abstract screening stage, at least one relevant sentence or information that indicates likely relevance must be present for inclusion. I believed myself totally unfitted for the company of strangers. The theme of loneliness is also evident throughout different characters who are segregated against by other characters in the book. Soilemezi D, Linceviciute S. Synthesizing qualitative research: reflections and lessons learnt by two new reviewers. PubMed Central It is imperative for research and practice that we deepen the current understanding of these experiences to inform how we approach describing, researching, and attempting to ameliorate loneliness. Themes typically cover abstract universal ideas and concepts like love, identity and trust. Meta-ethnography: synthesizing qualitative studies (vol. What is your favorite literary work focusing on any of these themes? In a sense, every literary work makes a statement or has a point. We present a protocol for a study that will, for the first time, systematically review and synthesise the qualitative literature on experiences of loneliness in people of all ages from the general, non-clinical population. McKenna-Plumley, P.E., Groarke, J.M., Turner, R.N. The widely accepted description from Perlman and Peplau [16], for example, states that loneliness is an unpleasant and distressing subjective phenomenon arising when ones desired level of social relations differs from their actual level. Thematic synthesis has been used to synthesise research on the experience of fatigue in neurological patients with multiple sclerosis [37], childrens experiences of living with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [38], and parents experiences of parenting a child with chronic illness [39]. Isolation is a state of being detached from other people, either physically or emotionally. Int J Qual Methods. Isolation can be voluntary or happen for external reasons beyond the persons control. Adding these terms (and others such as Patient Isolation and Quarantine) did not appear to add unique papers that would be included above and beyond subject heading and free-text searching for Loneliness. Teenagers, as well as adults, have been deeply influenced by the novel. A Streetcar Named Desire Topic Tracking: Loneliness. When was The Iliad written? PLoS One. The upset of doing business is much worse than the actual business in the home office, and, besides,Ive got the torture of traveling, worrying about changing trains, eating miserable food at all hours,constantly seeing new faces, no relationships that last or get more intimate. Whilst all eligible studies will be included in the synthesis (as described in the Quality appraisal section), any lower-quality studies will be excluded during post-synthesis sensitivity analysis in order to assess whether their inclusion has affected the synthesis in any way as suggested by Carroll and Booth [43]. PubMed This leaves a gap with respect to how research participants specifically describe their lived experiences of loneliness, rather than how researchers might conceptualise it. Power and corruption. Eventually, he vanishes from his familys troubled memories. A theme is an idea that runs throughout a text. discuss isolation and loneliness in literary works; If someone decides to be alone and enjoys this state of solitude, its, Cross-national comparisons of peoples experience of, Impact of social isolation on young peoples. Most of us enjoy communication and try to build relationships with others. J Psychol. California Privacy Statement, Well, leaving out the fact that the doors were locked, should he really call for help? The report, shared earlier this month, details "record-high levels" of violence, sadness, and suicide risk among American teenage girls and those in the LGBTQ+ community. In this novel, Steinbeck depicts the essential loneliness of California ranch life in the 1930's. He illustrates how people are driven to find . It contains plenty of useful materials for everyone. In light of this, it is concerning that recent research has found that loneliness is highly prevalent across age groups, with young people (under 25years) and older adults (over 65years) indicating the highest levels [7, 8]. A similar strategy has been employed in other recent systematic review work focusing on loneliness (e.g. Finally, full-text versions of the remaining articles will be read by PMP to assess whether they are suitable for inclusion in the final review. relevant questions are present in an appended interview guide). * The character Crooks becomes a broken man in Of Mice and Men through extreme racism shown by The Boss, Curley, and Curley's wife. Short Depression Quotes. These characters often differ from the dominant majority, so the community treats them negatively. Symbols of Death in Literature: Examples & Meanings. Part of The primary source of literature will be a structured search of multiple electronic databases (from inception onwards): PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, Sociological Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), CINAHL, and the Education Resource Information Center (ERIC). J Soc Behav Pers. PLoS Med. Assessments for each finding will be made through discussion between PMP and JG. This will allow a transparent, systematic appraisal of confidence in the findings for researchers, clinicians, and other decision-makers who may utilise the evidence from the planned systematic review. PubMed After this screening process, the remaining articles will be included in the review following data extraction, quality appraisal, and analysis. Cooke A, Smith D, Booth A. One prominent example is an image of his dead brother Allie. In spite of all his miseries, he could not repress a smile at this thought. Hammond C. The surprising truth about loneliness: BBC Future; 2018. Although this study offered impressive scale, the vast majority of participants were between 19 and 45years old, and as a result, the model may underestimate factors experienced across the lifespan. New York: Department for Culture Media and Sport; 2019.. Coyle CE, Dugan E. Social isolation, loneliness and health among older adults. So Lennie is always feeling out of place and which is making him have that feeling of loneliness: "If I was alone I could live so easy.I got you! As all our Nonnatus House favorites headed to the church to watch Trixie become Mrs. Alyward, Shelagh Turner, Dr. Patrick Turner and their son Timothy ( Max McMillan) raced to . Here are some excellent topic suggestions for your inspiration: Now you know everything about the themes of isolation, loneliness, and alienation in fiction and can correctly identify and interpret them. Predictors and subjective causes of loneliness in an aged population. Information on author, publication year, geographic location of study, methodological approach, method, population, participant demographics, and main findings will be extracted to understand the basis of each study. That means that you have to simplify the meaning somewhat to get it into a single sentence, but nevertheless, your theme statement itself should make a point. 2nd ed. In Of Mice and Men, it is not made noticeable that Lennie would be lonely. 3. [15]). Next, a new stage of analytical theme development is undertaken wherein the reviewer goes beyond the interpretations of the primary studies and develops higher-order constructs or explanations based on these descriptive themes [30]. In this quote, Steinbeck describes several dimensions of isolation suffered by his characters: Candys loneliness on the ranch becomes highly pronounced during his conflict with Carlson. Given the subjective nature of the phenomenon, qualitative methods are particularly suited to research into experiences of loneliness, as they can aim to capture the idiosyncrasies of these experiences. These three qualities were held as the best characteristics a person could have. 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