"[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. Please leave feedback on this test message here. Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. Zhong, Han. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. But because it's a religious document, nobody takes it seriously at all. On one occasion, three days after his birthday, he was taken into the womens quarters of the palace dressed as a baby, and put through a mock adoption ceremony by Yang. An Lushan was born An Rokhan in 703 in northern Manchuria, where his father was a Sogdian sartapo (merchant) employed by the Turkic Khanate to administer their domains. Wang, instead, led the troops himself to Xiongwu in advance of the rendezvous date and, after participating in the building project, returned with the soldiers, and submitted reports to Emperor Xuanzong that he believed An was planning treason. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. As he was allowed to enter the palace, he asked that he become an adoptive son of Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Guifei, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. This page was last edited on 18 June 2021, at 09:30. Establishing the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, in 1522 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V proclaimed Corts captain-general of New Spain as a reward for his services and genocide. An Lushan Rebellion. Li Xianzhong was afraid of An; when An ordered Li to attack the Khitan, Li rebelled, thus putting a halt to An's campaign. Dec 13, 2015. Matsui 1981. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. The Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. 2005. The Battle of Shanhai Pass in 1644 (c. late Ming period). The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. 336 BC323 BC. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. Came for this. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. He moved rapidly along the Grand Canal of China and captured the city of Luoyang within the year. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. Press J to jump to the feed. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. 343 BC290 BC. As Zhang believed that he was obese, he did not dare to eat too much while in Zhang's presence, and this drew Zhang's favor. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. Gaining momentum, the Xian besieged Nanjing in May 1862; despite efforts to break the siege by the superior Taiping numbers, the Qing loyalists held firm. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Xuanzong, now believing An was as submissive to him as a son to a father, showed him even greater favors. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he Serving with him was Shi Sugan (later named Shi Siming), who was one day older than he was and who became a good friend of his. Press J to jump to the feed. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. (It has been suggested, due to his obesity, that An Lushan was suffering the symptoms of acute diabetes.) Italy. The Taiping, swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. Later in 754, An defeated Xi forces, capturing their chieftain Li Riyue (). The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. The Russian Civil War was so bloody, in fact, that it holds the dubious world-record highest death toll from a civil war by Guinness World Records. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. 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