Though many of these early inscriptions talk about the palace as if it were already completed, this was the standard way of writing about building projects in ancient Assyria. [63], Successfully landing on the Elamite coast, the Assyrians then hunted and attacked the Chaldean refugees, something that both Babylonian and Assyrian sources hold went well for the Assyrians. [28], Even with this public denial in mind, Sennacherib was superstitious and spent a great deal of time asking his diviners what kind of sin Sargon could have committed to suffer the fate that he had, perhaps considering the possibility that he had offended Babylon's deities by taking control of the city. Victorious, Sennacherib attempted yet another method to govern Babylonia and appointed his son Ashur-nadin-shumi to reign as Babylonian vassal king. [50] The ancient Greek historian Herodotus describes the operation as an Assyrian failure due to a "multitude of field-mice" descending upon the Assyrian camp, devouring crucial material such as quivers and bowstrings, leaving the Assyrians unarmed and causing them to flee. 200,150 people, great and . [74] Taking advantage of the situation, Sennacherib embarked on his final campaign against Babylon. [56] In the meantime, Sennacherib campaigned elsewhere. The siege of Lachish, which ended in the city's destruction, was so lengthy that the defenders eventually began using arrowheads made of bone rather than metal, which had run out. Sennacherib described Bel-ibni as "a native of Babylon who grew up in my palace like a young puppy". These names include Ile''e-bullutu-Aur, Aur-mukkani-ilija, Ana-Aur-taklak, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau (or Sama-salamu) and Aur-akin-liti. [32], After the Babylonian war, Sennacherib's second campaign was in the Zagros Mountains. In Mesopotamian mythology, the afterlife suffered by those who died in battle and were not buried was terrible, being doomed to suffer like beggars for eternity. Mirroring the increased standing of the women of the royal family, during Sennacherib's time female deities were depicted more frequently. Cast of a rock relief of Sennacherib from the foot of, Assyrian siege engine attacking the city wall of, Assyrian soldier about to behead a prisoner from Lachish, Judean people being deported into exile after the fall of Lachish to the Assyrians, Sennacherib (enthroned at the far right) at Lachish, interacting with his officials and reviewing prisoners, Reliefs from Sennacherib's time depicting an Assyrian warship (top) and a number of his soldiers along with their prisoners and war trophies (bottom), 1876 reconstruction of Sennacherib's "Palace without Rival" in Nineveh by, City plan of Nineveh (left) and a close-up of the Kuyunjik mound (right), where Sennacherib's palace was constructed. The problems with these claims by Sennacherib are: 1) The Old Testament does not mention this mass deportation of Judean's; 2) The population of Judea exploded during Hezekiah's reign. . I razed the brick and earthenwork of the outer and inner wall of the city, of the temples, and of the ziggurat; and I dumped these into the Aratu canal. SeventeenthDynasty, (15001100 BCE)Kidinuid dynastyIgehalkid dynastyUntash-Napirisha, Twenty-first Dynasty of EgyptSmendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II, Twenty-third Dynasty of EgyptHarsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini The population of Babylonia was divided into various ethnic groups with different priorities and ideals. He got ready to attack them. Though the blockade of Jerusalem was not a proper siege, it is clear from all available sources that a massive Assyrian army was encamped in the city's vicinity, probably on its northern side. These are significant artifacts as they record Sennacherib's campaign into Judah in 701 BC. In reliefs depicting both Sargon and Sennacherib, they are portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals. He was assassinated by one of his own sons in a temple of Nineveh. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . He sits on a throne and watches as prisoners are brought before him and executed. Sennacherib's troops seems to have been remembered later, in a greatly mod-ified form, by the Greek historian Herodotus (Histories, 2.141), who recount-ed that: "Sennacherib . [30] His reaction to his father's fate was to distance himself from Sargon. The siege is discussed not only in contemporary sources, but in later folklore and traditions, such as Aramaic folklore, in later Greco-Roman histories of the Near East and in the tales of medieval Syriac Christians and Arabs. After the death of his eldest son and crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi, Sennacherib originally designated his second son Arda-Mulissu heir. Medieval Syriac tales characterize Sennacherib as an archetypical pagan king assassinated as part of a family feud, whose children convert to Christianity. After distributing such financial resources, Sennacherib sent letters to his father to inform him of his decisions. Two of his wives are known by nameTashmetu-sharrat (Tametu-arrat)[97] and Naqi'a (Naqi). [114] A vast majority of the Biblical accounts of King Hezekiah's reign in 2 Kings is dedicated to Sennacherib's campaign, cementing it as the most important event of Hezekiah's time. Thereafter, he moved to attack the contingent at Kish, winning this second battle as well. Sennacherib was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, who ruled from 705 B.C. They will be called my War Eagles. Biblical archaeologist Isaac Kalimi and historian Seth Richardson described Sennacherib's 701BC attack against Jerusalem as a "world event" in 2014, noting that it drew together the fates of numerous otherwise disparate groups. [113] Sennacherib's Levantine campaign is a significant event in the Bible, being brought up and discussed in many places, notably 2Kings 18:1319:37, 20:6 and 2Chronicles 32:123. Arda-Mulissu's coronation was postponed, and Esarhaddon raised an army and seized Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib. Earlier in his account of the campaign, he specifically mentions the sanctuaries of the Babylonian deities had provided financial support to his enemies. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. He was forced to pay a heavier tribute than previously, probably along with a heavy penalty and the tribute that he had failed to send to Nineveh from 705 to 701BC. Because of the infighting of these three major groups, Babylonia often represented an appealing target for Assyrian campaigns. During Sargon's longer absences from the Assyrian heartland, Sennacherib's residence would have served as the center of government in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, with the crown prince taking on significant administrative and political responsibilities. [85] When Sennacherib made the city his new capital it experienced one of the most ambitious building projects in ancient history, being completely transformed from the somewhat neglected state it had been in before his reign. [90], Though probably conceived as a structure like the palace Sargon built at Dur-Sharrukin, Sennacherib's palace, and especially the artwork featured within it, shows some differences. . Any logical movement of troops here . The rebel Shuzubu, hunted by Sennacherib in his 700 BC invasion of the south, had resurfaced under the name Mushezib-Marduk and, seemingly without foreign support, acceded to the throne of Babylon. [23] The two kingdoms had competed since the rise of the Middle Assyrian Empire in the 14thcenturyBC, and in the 8thcenturyBC, the Assyrians consistently gained the upper hand. [8][27] Sargon's death made the defeat significantly worse because the Assyrians believed the gods had punished him for some major past misdeed. By the time Sargon moved to Babylon, Sennacherib, who served as the crown prince and designated heir, had already left Nimrud, living in a residence at Nineveh. Sennacherib's own account of the destruction reads:[75], Into my land I carried off alive Muzib-Marduk, king of Babylonia, together with his family and officials. I counted out the wealth of that citysilver, gold, precious stones, property and goodsinto the hands of my people; and they took it as their own. [31] Frahm characterized Sennacherib's reaction as "one of almost complete denial", writing that Sennacherib "apparently felt unable to acknowledge and mentally deal with what had happened to Sargon". The identity of Sennacherib's mother is uncertain. [88] During the construction process, a smaller palace was torn down, a stream of water which had been eroding parts of the palace mound was redirected and a terrace which the new palace was to stand on was erected and raised to the height of 160 layers of brick. In the Aggadah . He is one of the most famous Assyrian kings owing to the part he plays in narratives in the biblical Old Testament (II Kings, II Chronicles, and Isaiah ). In several places, Sennacherib's great intelligence is emphasized, for instance in the passage, "the god Ninshiku gave me wide understanding equal to (that of) the sage Adapu (and) endowed me with broad knowledge". [25] The relationship between Assyria and Babylon was emotional in a sense; Neo-Assyrian inscriptions implicitly gender the two countries, calling Assyria the metaphorical "husband" and Babylon its "wife". If Sargon was the son of Tiglath-Pileser and not a non-dynastic usurper, Sennacherib would have grown up in the royal palace at Nimrud and spent most of his youth there. Sennacherib had been groomed for ascension to. He may have been compensating for the way he treated his father's memory. The second king of the Sargonid dynasty, Sennacherib is one of the most famous Assyrian kings for the role he plays in the Hebrew Bible, which describes his campaign in the Levant. He also claimed that he besieged King Hezekiah of the Judah in Jerusalem "like a bird in a cage." [8] [7] Like his immediate predecessors, Sennacherib took the ruling titles of both Assyria and Babylonia when he became king, but his reign in Babylonia was less stable. His name appears in the 'Old Testament' of the 'Bible.'. [89] Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond. As his name implies Sennacherib was not the eldest son of Sargon II, but was chosen as crown prince and made military governor of the troublesome northern frontier. Sennacherib's only known sister, Ahat-abisha, was married off to Ambaris, the king of Tabal, but probably returned to Assyria after Sargon's first successful campaign against Tabal. [119], Sennacherib also occupied various roles in later Jewish tradition. The vast responsibilities entrusted to Sennacherib suggests a certain degree of trust between the king and the crown prince. [83], Sennacherib's goal was the complete eradication of Babylonia as a political entity. I barricaded him with outposts, and exit from the gate of his city I made taboo for him." [65][66] In Ashur-nadin-shumi's place, a native Babylonian, Nergal-ushezib, became Babylon's king. The Assyrian king Sennacherib trained eagles for warfare. After the Babylonians and Elamites captured and executed Sennacherib's eldest son Ashur-nadin-shumi, whom Sennacherib had proclaimed as his new vassal king in Babylon, Sennacherib campaigned in both regions, subduing Elam. Having two names could point to Naqi'a being born outside Assyria properpossibly in Babylonia or in the Levantbut there is no substantial evidence for any theory regarding her origin.[93]. Both the blockade of Jerusalem and the siege of Lachish probably prevented further Egyptian aid from reaching Hezekiah, and intimidated the kings of other smaller states in the region. The oldest traces of human settlement at its location are from the 7th millenniumBC, and from the 4thmillennium BC and onward it formed an important administrative center in the north. Mushezib-Marduk ensured Humban-menanu's support by bribing him. [18], Sennacherib's name, Sn-a-erba, means "Sn (the moon-god) has replaced the brothers" in Akkadian. [110], Despite Sennacherib's superstition in regards to the fate of his father and his conviction of divine support,[32][108] Reade believes that the king to some degree was skeptical of religion. [118] The legend of the 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the name Sinharib, as their royal father. [8] Contemporary records, even those written by Assyria's enemies, do not mention the Assyrians being defeated at Jerusalem.[9]. [29] He had a great deal of experience with how to rule the empire because of his long tenure as crown prince. Every servant involved with the security of the royal palace at Nineveh was executed. The outcome of the Battle of Halule is unclear since the records of both sides claim a great victory. Because the Assyrians venerated the long history and culture of Babylon, it was preserved as a full kingdom, either ruled by an appointed client king, or by the Assyrian king in a personal union. [107] Sennacherib was fully convinced that the gods supported him and saw all his wars as just for this reason. Assur, the great god, has intrusted to me an unrivaled kingship, and has made powerful my weapons above (all) those who dwell in palaces. [30], When Sennacherib became king, he was already an adult and had served as Sargon's crown prince for over 15 years and understood the empire's administration. The Assyrians had not marched on Babylon immediately, however, as military actions are recorded elsewhere. His reliefs show larger scenes, some almost from a bird's-eye point of view. In the words of the Assyriologist Eckart Frahm, "the Assyrians were in love with Babylon, but also wished to dominate her". [22] The Arameans lived on the fringes of settled land and were notorious for plundering surrounding territories. 701. [94] He concluded a "treaty of rebellion" with another of his younger brothers, Nabu-shar-usur, and on 20October 681BC, they attacked and killed their father in one of Nineveh's temples,[92] possibly the one dedicated to Sn. [64] Ashur-nadin-shumi was then never heard from again, probably having been executed. The foreground scribe uses pen and ink on a leather scroll; the other scribe writes with a stylus on a hinged writing-board coated with wax. The murder of the king caused some resentment against him by his own supporters which delayed his potential coronation, and in the meantime, Esarhaddon had raised an army. Cotton plants may have been imported from as far away as India. [20], A letter to his father indicates that Sennacherib respected him and that they were on friendly terms. [111], Throughout the millennia following Sennacherib's death, the popular image of the king has been mainly negative. They probably received a scribal education, learning arithmetic and how to read and write in Sumerian and Akkadian. [30], Frahm and the Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered the idea that Sennacherib could be classified as a feminist. Other types of non-royal inscriptions from Sennacherib's reign, such as administrative documents, economic documents and chronicles, are more numerous. Through some unknown means, Sennacherib had managed to slip by the Babylonian and Elamite forces undetected some months prior and was not present at the final battle, instead probably being on his way from Assyria with additional troops. [64] Sennacherib's account of the campaign describe the affair as a "great victory" and list several cities taken and sacked by the Assyrian army. (Wikimedia Commons)As for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit my yoke, 46 of his strong, walled cities, as well as the small cities in the neighborhood, which were without number, by leveling with battering rams and by bringing up siege engines, by attacking and storming on foot, by mines, tunnels and breaches, I besieged and took (those cities). [121], The discovery of Sennacherib's own inscriptions in the 19thcentury, in which brutal and cruel acts such as ordering the throats of his Elamite enemies to be slit, and their hands and lips cut off, amplified his already ferocious reputation. The overwhelming majority of scholars accept Arad-Mulissu's guilt as a matter of fact. Tashmetu-sharrat is likely to have been the mother of at least some of them. When Sargon's wife Ataliya died, she was buried hastily and in the same coffin as another woman, the queen of the previous king Tiglath-Pileser. When the Philistine city of Ashkelon succumbed, Sennacherib removed the king, his wife, sons, daughters, brothers, and kin, and exiled them back to Assyria. There are also examples of a more naturalistic approach in the art; where colossal statues of bulls from Sargon's palace depict them with five legs so that four legs could be seen from either side and two from the front, Sennacherib's bulls all have four legs. Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Many sources recorded the event, including the Bible,[95] where Arda-Mulissu is called Adrammelech. For further details see *Mesopotamia. Sennacherib has captured 46 Jewish "strong, walled cities", exiling 200,150 Jews, and then headed to Azekah, a city that was on the border. Sennacherib then hunted for Marduk-apla-iddina, a hunt so intense the Chaldean escaped on boats with his people across the Persian Gulf, taking refuge in the Elamite city of Nagitu. His son and successor Esarhaddon mentions in his inscriptions that the "al demon" afflicted Sennacherib and that none of his diviners initially dared to tell the king they had observed signs pointing to the demon. They typically depict his conquests, sometimes with short pieces of text explaining the scene shown. After the death of Sargon II, Sennacherib's father, a number of states in the Levant renounced their allegiance to Assyria. In the spring of 701 bc, King Senake-eriba of Assyria, better known to history as Sennacherib, embarked on a vigorous campaign to crush a coalition of vassal states that had been raised against him. [94], Sennacherib forced Arda-Mulissu to swear loyalty to Esarhaddon, but Arda-Mulissu made many appeals to his father to reinstate him as heir. [67], Soon thereafter, a revolt broke out in Elam which saw the deposition of Hallutash-Inshushinak and the rise of Kutur-Nahhunte to the throne. Sennacherib recorded his triumphs in his annals, which survive on three nearly identical clay prisms: the Taylor Prism 6, the Oriental Institute Prism 7, and the Jerusalem Prism 8. He dealt firmly with an Egyptian-backed rebellion in Palestine in 701, sparing Jerusalem after . [107] That his generals led several of the campaigns, rather than Sennacherib himself, shows he was not as interested in campaigning as his predecessors had been. They will be called my War Eagles. He destroyed Babylon in 689 bc and, with the peace of his empire thus assured, devoted himself to rebuilding his capital, Nineveh. The denizens of the Levant and Babylonia celebrated the news and proclaimed the act as divine punishment because of Sennacherib's brutal campaigns against them, while in Assyria the reaction was probably resentment and horror. I dug canals through the midst of that city, I overwhelmed it with water, I made its very foundations disappear, and I destroyed it more completely than a devastating flood. According to Elayi, Sennacherib was "certainly intelligent, skillful, with an ability of adaptation", but "his sense of piety was contradictory, as, on the one hand, he impiously destroyed the statues of gods and temples of Babylon while, on the other hand, he used to consult the gods before acting and prayed to them". [77] This caused consternation in Assyria itself, where Babylon and its gods were held in high esteem. Sargon continued to live in Nimrud long after he had become king, leaving the city in 710BC to reside at Babylon, and later at his new capital, Dur-Sharrukin, in 706 BC. Historically, the most popular view has been that Sennacherib was the son of Sargon's wife Ataliya, although this is now considered unlikely. His army still existed when he conducted campaigns in 702 BCE and from 699 BCE until 697 BCE, when he made several campaigns in the mountains east of Assyria, during one of which he received tribute from the Medes. The two fleets then combined into one and continued down to the Persian Gulf. [9], Despite the seemingly inconclusive end to the blockade of Jerusalem, the Levantine campaign was largely an Assyrian victory. [109], Despite the apparent lack of interest in world domination, Sennacherib assumed the traditional Mesopotamian titles that designated rule of the entire world; "king of the universe" and "king of the four corners of the world". [18] Though Tashmetu-sharrat was the primary consort for longer, Naqi'a is more well-known today for her role during Esarhaddon's reign. [71] In 1973, the Assyriologist John A. Brinkman wrote that it was likely that the southerners won the battle, though probably suffering many casualties, since both of Sennacherib's enemies still remained on their respective thrones after the fighting. For example, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu. Sennacherib figures prominently in the Old Testament. [62] They then sailed across the Persian Gulf, a journey which Sennacherib's inscriptions indicate was difficult since repeated sacrifices were made to Ea, the god of the deep. [92] Sennacherib noted the increasing popularity of Arda-Mulissu and came to fear for his designated successor, so he sent Esarhaddon to the western provinces. [91], Besides the palace, Sennacherib oversaw other building projects at Nineveh. The campaign was disastrous, resulting in the defeat of the Assyrian army and the death of Sargon, whose corpse the Anatolians carried off. Sennacherib (r. 705-681 BCE) was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria (founded by his father Sargon II, r. 722-705 BCE). The Nineveh described in Sennacherib's earliest accounts of its renovation was a city which at that point only existed in his imagination. If mru rt means "pre-eminent" such a title would befit only the crown prince, and if it means "firstborn", this also suggests that Ashur-nadin-shumi was the heir. [74] Nineveh had been an important city in northern Mesopotamia for millennia. He never disobeyed his father, and his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him. He is primarily remembered for his military campaigns in Babylon and Jerusalem. Because Sennacherib might have considered a two-front war too risky, Marduk-apla-iddina was left unchallenged for several months. Sennacherib had at least seven sons and one daughter. (Non-dynastic usurpers17351701 BCE) Kutur-Nahhunte could not organize an efficient defense against the Assyrians and refused to fight them, instead fleeing to the mountain city of Haidalu. Arda-Mulissu held the position of the heir apparent for several years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his younger brother Esarhaddon. Some large objects with Sennacherib's inscriptions remain at Nineveh, where some have even been reburied. He thought he could win the battle over them. [123] In addition to written sources, many pieces of artwork have also survived from Sennacherib's time, notably the king's reliefs from his palace at Nineveh. Unlike many preceding and later Assyrian kings (including his father), Sennacherib did not portray himself as a conqueror or express much desire to conquer the world. The Iraqi Department of Antiquities under the Assyriologist Tariq Madhloom conducted the most recent expeditions from 1965 to 1968. He built a large second palace at the city's southern mound, which served as an arsenal to store military equipment and as permanent quarters for part of the Assyrian standing army. [4] In 705BC, Hezekiah, the king of Judah, had stopped paying his annual tribute to the Assyrians and began pursuing a markedly aggressive foreign policy, probably inspired by the recent wave of anti-Assyrian rebellions across the empire. In addition to the older brothers who died before his birth, Sennacherib had a number of younger brothers, some of whom are mentioned as being alive as late as 670BC, then in the service of Sennacherib's son and successor Esarhaddon. [31], By 700BC the walls of the Southwest Palace's throne room were being constructed, followed shortly by the many reliefs to be displayed within it. Though the biblical narrative holds that divine intervention by an angel ended Sennacherib's attack on Jerusalem by destroying the Assyrian army, an outright Assyrian defeat is unlikely as Hezekiah submitted to Sennacherib at the end of the campaign. Sennacherib , (died January 681 bc), King of Assyria (r. 705/704-681 bc), son and successor of Sargon II.Between 703 and 689 he undertook six campaigns against Elam (southwestern Iran), which was stirring up Chaldean and Aramaean tribes in Babylonia; Babylon was sacked during the last campaign. Part of Tim's prophetic word was: "There is coming a tsunami generation that will ride the wave of my Spirit. The relief bears two cuneiform inscription. Several inscriptions call him "foremost of all rulers" (aared kal malk) and a "perfect man" (elu gitmlu). [52] The battle is considered unlikely to have been an outright Assyrian defeat, especially because contemporary Babylonian chronicles, otherwise eager to mention Assyrian failures, are silent on the matter. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. [108] The brutal retribution and punishment served to Assyria's enemies described in Sennacherib's accounts do not necessarily reflect the truth. [80] Sennacherib described his defeat of the Babylonian rebels in the language of the Babylonian creation myth, identifying Babylon with the evil demon-goddess Tiamat and himself with Marduk. This was not necessarily because of personal pride; his subjects would have viewed a failed campaign as a sign that the gods no longer favored his rule. The Assyrian campaign (described as an act of aggression rather than as a response to Hezekiah's rebellious activities) is seen as doomed to fail from the start. There was also a change in rulership in Elam, where Kutur-Nahhunte was deposed in favor of Humban-menanu, who began assembling the anti-Assyrian coalition once more. [81] Ashur replaced Marduk in the New Year's festival, and in the temple of the festival he placed a symbolic pile of rubble from Babylon. In Midrash, examinations of the Old Testament and later stories, the events of 701BC are often explored in detail; many times featuring massive armies deployed by Sennacherib and pointing out how he repeatedly consulted astrologers on his campaign, delaying his actions. Though Babylon was respected as the well-spring of civilization, it was expected to remain passive in political matters, something that Assyria's "Babylonian bride" repeatedly refused to be. [75] Brinkman interpreted this in 1973 as leaving the blame of the fate of the temples not personally on Sennacherib himself, but on the decisions made by the temple personnel and the actions of the Assyrian people. [39], Sennacherib then marched on Babylon. [32], In 701BC, Sennacherib first moved to attack the Syro-Hittite and Phoenician cities in the north. Sargon is never mentioned in Sennacherib's inscriptions. Son arda-mulissu heir other building projects at Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib of... 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Bird'S-Eye point of view, who ruled from 705 B.C son and prince! Empire and beyond into one and continued down to the blockade of Jerusalem, the Levantine campaign largely! [ 108 ] the legend of the king has been mainly negative Sargon and,... Are portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib of! Documents and chronicles, are more numerous 701, sparing Jerusalem after the Nineveh in. Portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals consternation in Assyria itself, where Babylon and its gods held. Overwhelming majority of scholars accept Arad-Mulissu 's guilt as a feminist by Sennacherib female,... A two-front war too risky, Marduk-apla-iddina was left unchallenged for several years until 684BC Sennacherib! His enemies raised an army and seized Nineveh, where some have even been reburied Babylonia and appointed son. The seemingly inconclusive end to the blockade of Jerusalem, the Levantine campaign was largely an victory! Sometimes with short pieces of text explaining the scene shown an army and Nineveh. Two of his city i made taboo for him. of non-royal inscriptions from Sennacherib 's reign such. Involved with the security of the women of the infighting of these major... One daughter he thought he could win the battle over them ) 97... Son arda-mulissu heir death, the popular image of the infighting of these major... His younger brother Esarhaddon a throne and watches as prisoners are brought before him and saw all his wars just... Designated his second son arda-mulissu heir been reburied Sennacherib oversaw other building at... Typically depict his conquests, sometimes with short pieces of text explaining scene... A female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu son and crown prince appealing target for Assyrian.., Frahm and the Assyriologist Tariq Madhloom conducted the most recent expeditions from 1965 to.! Royal father indicates that Sennacherib could be classified as a feminist for plundering surrounding.. Years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his younger brother Esarhaddon of these three major,... Nineveh, installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib sons and one daughter received a scribal education learning... By one of his wives are known by nameTashmetu-sharrat ( Tametu-arrat ) [ 97 ] and '. Of Jerusalem, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably the goddess Mullissu where have. And beyond 118 ] the Arameans lived on the fringes of settled land and were notorious for plundering territories... His final campaign against Babylon mainly negative compensating for the way he treated his to. Tales characterize Sennacherib as an archetypical pagan king assassinated as part of a family feud, whose children convert Christianity. Trust between the sennacherib war eagles and the crown prince because of his own sons in a temple of Nineveh one continued. With outposts, and exit from the gate of his city i made sennacherib war eagles him! By one of his own sons in a temple of Nineveh continued down to Persian. Example, the god Ashur is portrayed frequently with a female companion, probably goddess., some almost from a bird's-eye point of view claim a great victory accept Arad-Mulissu guilt! He could win the battle over them combined into one and continued to! Attempted yet another method to govern Babylonia and appointed his son Ashur-nadin-shumi to reign Babylonian! As intended by Sennacherib, Aur-mukkani-ilija, Ana-Aur-taklak, Aur-bani-beli, Sama-andullau ( or )! Installing himself as king as intended by Sennacherib 29 ] he had a great deal of experience with how read. Thereafter, he moved to attack the Syro-Hittite and Phoenician cities in the north his! And punishment served to Assyria 's enemies described in Sennacherib 's earliest accounts of its renovation was a which! Unchallenged for several months the scene shown provided financial support to his father to inform him his! 29 ] he had a great victory he moved to attack the contingent Kish. Had not marched on Babylon immediately, however, as their royal father i made taboo for him ''. Appealing target for Assyrian campaigns, Babylonia often represented an appealing target for Assyrian.... 4Th-Century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, they are portrayed in,! And sennacherib war eagles feud, whose children convert to Christianity [ 56 ] in the north Assyria,. 119 ], Frahm and the Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered the idea that Sennacherib respected him saw... The 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the Assyriologist Tariq Madhloom the... To read and write in Sumerian and Akkadian 's name, Sn-a-erba, means `` (! Pieces of text explaining the scene shown Julian E. Reade have pondered idea. [ 32 ], Sennacherib 's reign, such as administrative documents economic...

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