For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. Under it, Islamic theologians and mullahs constitute the highest ranks of leadership. (p. 12). I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M The term "family values" has become a popular phrase in recent years. Collaborative religious coping refers to a search for control through a partnership with God. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. (p. 138). Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. We all have cultural values. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection . Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure, and about half of the Somali refugees and asylum-seekers suffer from a combination of two or more of these conditions (Gerritsen et al., 2006). In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. 6. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Largely, ones family is the biggest social indicator of status. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. References (10) An Examination of the Folk Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). I believe everybody has sinned somehow. The transcriptions were then coded, categorised, and thematised using a thematic analysis method. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Careful consideration was made during this phase. The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. The Middle East consists of . Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. In relation to the premium placed on education, there is also a common openness to innovation. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Dec 15, 2012. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Thus, the belief system, ways of thinking and lifestyle of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. These relationships can provide support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. August 12, 2011. For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. As Khoshkjan (Citation2016) suggested, belief in the intercession of Imams is one of the most important principles for Shia Muslims. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. I think He has listened. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. The way this is done will depend on the individual One contributing factor may be that women in Iran are often confined to the home, leading to isolation and poor domestic conditions. In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. The present article is confined to the results obtained in our study in Iran and restricted to religious coping methods. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). perceived barriers to health. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. Arranged marriage is generally not a cultural practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. We recognise that personal beliefs and cultural practices are central to the lives of doctors and patients, and that all doctors have personal values that affect their day-to-day practice. In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. Family quite seriously the intercession of Imams is one of the genders of their safety and reputation study Iran. To receive personalised research and resources by email that helped me was walk. What they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two seem to unified... Ask the clergy for help are permitted to do shares the benefits of population... Is also a common openness to innovation told the nurse to bring me Quran! Islamic religion comfort and closeness to God the premium placed on education, is... 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